Distorting the Aerospace Manufacturing Boundaries: Operational Integration of Autonomy on Titanium (DISTOPIA)

Project Distopia:

Distopia project is an ambitious R&D initiative co-funded by TÜBİTAK and Innovate UK under the SMART EUREKA framework. Running from February 2024 to January 2027, the project unites leading industrial and academic partners from Türkiye and the United Kingdom to develop a fully integrated wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) system for Ti-6Al-4V alloy components.

Project Objective and Vision:

The central aim of DISTOPIA is to enable high-performance Directed Energy Deposition (DED) of Ti64 by simultaneously advancing two interlinked domains:

Alloy Design and Feedstock Development: Development of a nano-alloy-modified Ti64 cored wire, engineered to reduce anisotropy and grain coarsening in WAAM-built components. The goal is to achieve mechanical properties comparable to conventionally forged titanium parts while enhancing process repeatability and repairability.

Smart Process Monitoring and Adaptive Control: Design and implementation of a universal process monitoring and closed-loop control system, compatible with robotic and CNC platforms. The system integrates multi-sensor fusion (optical, thermal, electrical, acoustic) and machine learning-based algorithms for real-time decision-making and topology adjustment.

Key Technological Highlights:

Real-time melt pool monitoring | Closed-loop adaptive control algorithms | Cored wire design using nano-scale alloying elements | Digital twin-based process modeling | Retrofittable hardware modules for DED/WAAM systems | Repair and re-manufacturing compatibility

Use Case Applications:

DISTOPIA addresses the increasing demand for additive manufacturing solutions in aerospace, energy, and medical sectors, focusing on high-value components operating under extreme environmental and thermal conditions. The system is designed to serve both initial fabrication and on-site repair/replacement tasks in mission-critical platforms.

Project Consortium:

The project brings together complementary expertise from six core partners:

TUSAŞ (TR) Application lead for aerospace use cases and host for demonstration studies.

METU (TR) Alloy design and development, advanced characterization of microstructure–property relationships, and utilization of ML-based algorithms.

AMRC (UK) Leader in robotic DED path generation, topology modeling, and parameter mapping.

Epoch Wires (UK) Developer of the customized Ti64 alloy and cored wire manufacturing processes.

QMUL (UK) Process modelling and simulation to investigate microstructure–property relationships, especially for titanium alloys processed via additive manufacturing.

Authentise (UK) Digital workflow automation and data management for advanced manufacturing.

Ion Metal (TR) Development and commissioning of real-time process monitoring and adaptive process control systems. Lead of mechanical testing and post-process material assessment. Brings Nadcap-accredited infrastructure for fracture, fatigue, and creep validation of Ti64 specimens.

Strategic Impact:

By bridging materials science, robotics, and digital manufacturing, DISTOPIA aims to:

Lower the cost and complexity of WAAM for titanium alloys

Enable repairable, certifiable DED manufacturing routes

Promote cross-border collaboration in Industry 5.0-compatible automation technologies

Contribute to resilient and distributed production networks in Europe and beyond